"Bread and Roses" - Voices against War. Commemorating the Centenary of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom

Bild- und Textnachweise

Plakat:
Photo: “Peace Delegates on NOORDAM -- Mrs. P. Lawrence, Jane Addams, Anna Molloy.” Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. - http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.18848 (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 1:
Photo: “Jane Addams.” Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA - http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a13016/ (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 2:
Text: Jane Addams: Passing of the War Virtues. London: Macmillan, 1907, p. 237f.
Photo: “Jane Addams 1914.” The Jane Addams Papers Project, Ramapo College of New Jersey, https://www.ramapo.edu/hgs/files/2015/09/Addams1914.jpg (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 3:
Text: Jane Addams: Passing of the War Virtues. London: Macmillan, 1907, p. 230f.
Photo: “Sophia Andreyevna Tolstaya and Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy.” https://rinatim.files.wordpress.com/2016/11/tolstoy-and-wife.jpg (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 4:
Text: Jane Addams: Passing of the War Virtues. London: Macmillan, 1907, p. 235.
Photo: “John Ruskin in the 1880s.” In: Scott Reyburn: “Why John Ruskin, Born 200 Years Ago, Is Having a Comeback. The New York Times, February 5, 2019 https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/02/05/arts/05RUSKIN-1/05RUSKIN-1-jumbo.jpg (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 5:
Text: Emma Goldman: “Patriotism, A Menace to Liberty.” In: Anarchism and Other Essays. Second Revised Edition. New York & London: Mother Earth Publishing Association, 1911. pp. 133-150.
Facsimile: Cover of the pamphlet by Emma Goldman: Patriotism: A Menace to Liberty. New York, October 1908. Emma Goldman Papers, International Institute of Social History (Amsterdam).

TAFEL 6:
Facsimile: Cover illustration used for Emma Goldman’s Mother Earth, Vol. IX, No. 3 (May 1914). Tamiment Library, New York University. https://www.flickr.com/photos/tamiment/1118467938 (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 7:
Photo: “Portrait photograph from a ninth-plate daguerreotype of Henry David Thoreau.” (18 June 1856). Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg (last access: 25.09.2019).
Text: Emma Goldman: “Preparedness, the Road to Universal Slaughter.” Mother Earth, December 1915: Vol. X, no. 10, pp. 331-338 (334).

TAFEL 8:
Photo: “Emma Goldman.” (1910). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://lccn.loc.gov/2004672096 (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 9:
Facsimile: Cover of the pamphlet by Emma Goldman: Preparedness, the Road to Universal Slaughter. New York, 1915 [?]. Emma Goldman Papers, International Institute of Social History (Amsterdam).
Text: Emma Goldman: “Preparedness, the Road to Universal Slaughter.” Mother Earth, December 1915: Vol. X, no. 10, pp. 331-338 (333).

TAFEL 10:
Photo: “First WILPF Meeting, The Hague, April 1915. WILPF archive, LSE London”. https://imperialglobalexeter.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/wilpf-women-congress-the-hague- 1915.jpg (last access: 25.09.2019). TAFEL 11:
Text: Aletta Jacobs, in: Report of the International Congress of Women. The Hague – The Netherlands, April 28 to May 1st, 1915. Printed by the Woman’s Peace Party, 1915, p. 5.
Photo: “Dr. Aletta Jacobs, Dutch suffragette, first female Dutch university graduate and first Dutch female physician, and birth control advocate.” (between 1895 and 1905). Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aletta_Jacobs,_1895-1905.jpg (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 12:
Photo: “International Congress of Women 1915.” Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:International_Congress_of_Women1915_(22785230005).jpg - Original (non-cropped) at London School of Economics. https://www.flickr.com/photos/lselibrary/22785230005/ (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 13:
Text: A. Maude Royden: The Great Adventure. The Way to Peace. The Fellowship of Reconciliation, London, 1915, p. 7 and 16.
Facsimile: Cover of A. Maude Royden: The Great Adventure. The Way to Peace. The Fellowship of Reconciliation, London, 1915.

TAFEL 14:
Photo: “Women’s International League banner (ca. 1915).” Schweizerischer Friedensrat, https://www.friedensrat.ch/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/1-2880x1800.jpg (last access: 25.09.2019).
TAFEL 15:
Photo: “(Agnes) Maude Royden.” By Underwood & Underwood, bromide press print, circa 1928, NPG x139624. National Portrait Gallery, London. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/ search/portrait/mw251485/Agnes-Maude-Royden (last access: 25.09.2019).
Text: A. Maude Royden: The Great Adventure. The Way to Peace. The Fellowship of Reconciliation, London, 1915, p. 6.

TAFEL 16:
Text: Emily Greene Balch: “Journey and Impressions of the Congress”, in: Addams, Jane, Balch, Emily G., Hamilton, Alice: Women at The Hague. The International Congress of Women and its Results. New York: Macmillan, 1915, p. 21.
Photo: “BALCH, EMILY GREENE, MISS” (1905). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. https://lccn.loc.gov/2016859399 (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 17:
Facsimile: Cover: Newsletter, New York City branch of the Woman's Peace Party (Vol. 1, No. 9, May 19, 1917). Swarthmore College Peace Collection, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081-1399, USA. https://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/DG026-050/dg043wilpf/FourLightspdfs/1917_May_19_pdfa.pdf (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 18:
Facsimile: “Poster for the No-Conscription League’s meeting, 4 June 1917.” In: Allan Antliff: “Carl Zigrosser and the Modern School: Nietzsche, Art, and Anarchism.” Archives of American Art Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4 (1994), pp. 16-23 (20).
Facsimile: “"No Conscription" pamphlet,” The University of Michigan and the Great War, accessed September 26, 2019, http://michiganintheworld.history.lsa.umich.edu/greatwar/ items/show/456. Source: Agnes Inglis Papers, Box 27, Joseph A. Labadie Collection, University of Michigan Library.

TAFEL 19:
Text: Emma Goldman: “The Promoters of the War Mania.” Mother Earth, Vol. XII, No. 1 (March 1917): 5-11 (p. 10).
Facsimile: Cover of Emma Goldman’s Mother Earth, Vol. IX, No. 7 (September 1914).

TAFEL 20:
Facsimile: Cover of Tracy D. Mygatt: Watchfires. A Play in Four Acts. New York, 1917. Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/watchfiresaplayi00myga (last access: 25.09.2019).
Facsimile: Flyer from the Anti-Enlistment League. Anti-Enlistment League Collected Records, Swarthmore College Peace Collection. https://wwionline.org/files/3114/0372/1218/ WorkingMenAndWomenFlyer.jpg (last access: 25.09.2019).
Photo: “Jessie Wallace Hughan, circa 1898.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hughan-jessie-1898.jpg (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 21:
Text: Clara Meijer-Wichmann to Henriette Roland-Holst (1921), in: Franz Kobler (ed.): Gewalt und Gewaltlosigkeit. Handbuch des aktiven Pazifismus. Zürich/Leipzig: Rotapfel Verlag, 1928, pp. 133f., 135 and 138.
Facsimile: Poster of a conference at the University of Utrecht (Netherlands), celebrating the birth centenary of Clara Meijer-Wichmann in 1985. Geheugen van Nederland (“Memory of the Netherlands”) of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (“Royal Library of the Netherlands”) https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=urn:gvn:IIAV01:104002366 (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 22:
Text: S. Helene Stöcker, Rede. In: Rapport Du Congrès International de Femmes. Zurich, Mai 12-17, 1919. Ligue International de Femme pour la Paix et la Liberté. Genève, Suisse, 1919, pp. 225-230 (227).
Photo: Helene Stöcker, 1927. Wikimedia Commons: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Helene_St%C3%B6cker_1927_2.jpg (last access: 02.05.2019).

TAFEL 23:
Photo: “British delegation at the 2nd international conference held by the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom conference, Zurich, 1919.” London School of Economics Library. https://www.flickr.com/photos/lselibrary/27484580941(last access: 29.09.2019).

TAFEL 24:
Text: Lida Gustava-Heymann (in Zusammenarbeit mit Anita Augspurg): Erlebtes – Erschautes. Deutsche Frauen kämpfen für Recht, Freiheit und Frieden 1850 – 1940. Edited by Margit Twellmann. Meisenheim am Glan: Verlag Anton Hain, 1972, p. 158 and p. 236.
Photo: Anita Augspurg (Germany), Charlotte Despard (England), Lida Gustava Heymann (Germany), Rosa Genoni (Italy), Leopoldine Kulka (Austria), Andrée Jouve (France) at Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Second International Conference, Zurich, Switzerland (1919). https://peacemuseum.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/wilpf-600x400.jpg (last access: 29.09.2019).

TAFEL 25:
Photo: American delegation at the Second International Conference, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, Zurich, Switzerland (1919) https://womenvotepeace.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/zurichcongress1919large1.jpg (last access: 29.09.2019).

TAFEL 26:
Text: Terrell, Mary Church. Mary Church Terrell Papers: Speeches and Writings, -1953;1919 , Report on Zurich Conference. 1919. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, (last access: 29.09.2019).
Photo: Mary Church Terrell, c.1920. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian, Washington D.C. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D0lg8wvWkAAxQoc.jpg (last access: 29.09.2019).

TAFEL 27:
Text: Marceline Hecquet / Martha Steinitz: “Kriegsdienstverweigerung während des Weltkrieges”, in: Franz Kobler (ed.): Gewalt und Gewaltlosigkeit. Handbuch des aktiven Pazifismus. Zürich/Leipzig: Rotapfel Verlag, 1928, p. 264.
Photo: Memorial for Conscientious Objectors, Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery, Castle Street, Carlisle, Cumbria, CA3 8TP, UK. https://www.tulliehouse.co.uk/sites/default/files/ inline-images/mainmediasize0x425_typeimage_publishtrue_targetx024.5_targetx171.17_targety010.75_targety149.5_image.jpg (last access: 29.09.2019).

TAFEL 28:
Facsimile: Cover of Martha Steinitz: Die englischen Kriegsdienstverweigerer. Berlin, 1921. Digitization (2017), Deutsche Nationalbibliothek: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:101:1 -201708274411 (last access: 29.09.2019). Facsimile: Marceline Hecquet: L’Objection de Conscience devant le Service Militaire. In: La Brochure Mensuelle (Paris), No. 18, Juin 1924.

TAFEL 29:
Text: Ethel Snowden, in: Rapport Du Congrès International de Femmes. Zurich, Mai 12-17, 1919. Ligue International de Femme pour la Paix et la Liberté. Genève, Suisse, 1919, pp. 217-221 (220f.). Photo: Ethel Snowden in A political pilgrim in Europe (1921). Photograph by S. A. Chandler & Co. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Ethel_Snowden._Photograph_by_S._A._Chandler_%26_Co.jpg (last access: 30.09.2019).

TAFEL 30:
Photo: Series of six photos: Women working at the National Filling Factory, Munitions Production, Chilwell, Nottinghamshire, England (August 1917), from left to right:
1. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_at_work_during_the_First_World_War-_Munitions_Production,_Chilwell,_Nottinghamshire,_England,_UK,_c_1917_Q30010.jpg
2. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_at_work_during_the_First_World_War-_Munitions_Production,_Chilwell,_Nottinghamshire,_England,_UK,_c_1917_Q30023.jpg
3. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_at_work_during_the_First_World_War-_Munitions_Production,_Chilwell,_Nottinghamshire,_England,_UK,_c_1917_Q30015.jpg
4. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_at_work_during_the_First_World_War-_Munitions_Production,_Chilwell,_Nottinghamshire,_England,_UK,_1917_Q30042.jpg
5. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_at_work_during_the_First_World_War-_Munitions_Production,_Chilwell,_Nottinghamshire,_England,_UK,_1917_Q30041.jpg
6. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_at_work_during_the_First_World_War-_Munitions_Production,_Chilwell,_Nottinghamshire,_England,_UK,_c_1917_Q30011.jpg
(last access: 30.09.2019).

TAFEL 31:
Photo: “Pazifistendemonstration im Berliner Lustgarten (1921) Vorn: die Gattin des Professors Einstein mit amerikanischen Pazifisten.” https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Datei:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S61468,_Pazifistendemonstration_im_Berliner_Lustgarten.jpg (last access: 30.09.2019).
Text: Maud von Ossietzky: Maud von Ossietzky erzählt. Mit einem Gespräch zwischen Rosalinde v. Ossietzky-Palm und Ursula Madrasch-Gruschopp. Berlin: Buchverlag Der Morgen 2. erweiterte Auflage, 1988, p. 64. Photo: Friedenskundgebung 1921 im Berliner Lustgarten, im Auto stehend Maud von Ossietzky, in der Mitte sitzend Elsa Einstein, links davon Francis Neillson, eine amerikanische Pazifistin (31.07.1921). Aus dem Nachlass von Carl von Ossietzky, Universitätsbibliothek Oldenburg), in: Claudia von Geliéu, Sabine Krusen and Esther Stenkamp (eds): „...der Zukunft ein Stück voraus“. Pankower Pionierinnen in Politik und Wissenschaft. Begleitbroschüre zur Wanderausstellung des Frauenbeirats Pankow. 2. Auflage, Berlin-Pankow: Druckerei Bunter Hund, 2012, p. 7 and 21.

TAFEL 32:
Text: Olga Misař: “Was wollen die Kriegsdienstgegner? Disposition für einen Einführungsvortrag in die Bewegung” (1925), in: Der Kriegsdienstgegner. Organ des Bundes der Kriegsdienstgegner Österreich (Wien) 2 (1925), Nr. 4 (September - Oktober), pp. 3ff. Here quoted in: Beatrix Müller-Kampel (ed.): ‚Krieg ist der Mord auf Kommando‘. Bürgerliche und anarchistische Friedenskonzepte. Bertha von Suttner und Pierre Ramus. Nettersheim: Verlag Graswurzelrevolution, 2005, p. 244f.
Photo: Olga Misař, in: International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace (ed.): Internationaal, Vol. II, No. 3 (July-August-September 1917), p. 94. We owe gratitude to Dr. Brigitte Rath (University Vienna) for providing us with this extremely rare photograph of Misař.
TAFEL 33:
Photo: Picketers with signs "No More War". United States, 1922. Photograph. Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. https:// www.loc.gov/item/2016891550/ last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 34:
Photo: No more war flag being raised at headquarters of National Council for Reduction of Armament. United States, 1922. Photograph. Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. https://www.loc.gov/item/2016891581/ (last access: 25.09.2019).
Photo: "No More War" banner, 7/29/22. , 1922. Photograph. Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. https://www.loc.gov/ item/2016833139/ (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 35:
Photo: No More War Signs. United States, 1922. Photograph. Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. https://www.loc.gov/ item/2016891582/ (last access: 25.09.2019).

TAFEL 36:
Text: Olga Misar, “Moral Disarmament versus Conscription”, in: Report of the Sixth Congress of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. Prague, August 24th to 28th, 1929. Geneva, Switzerland, 1929, p. 92.
Facsimile: Cover of Report of the Sixth Congress of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. Prague, August 24th to 28th, 1929. Geneva, Switzerland, 1929.

TAFEL 37:
Photo: Cover of Caroline Playne: Society at War 1914-16, Allen & Unwin, London, 1931.
Text: Caroline Playne: Society at War 1914-16, Allen & Unwin, London, 1931, p. 143f.

TAFEL 38:
Photo: “Mahatma Gandhi (centre) and Edmond Privat (right) addressing a meeting at People's Hall in Lausanne, Switzerland, December 8, 1931.” [erroneous caption information]. https://nroer.gov.in/582ead6916b51c01da6b8887/file/57d2c22a16b51c1f51a1b27a (last access: 30.09.2019).
Text: Letter by Olga Misar to Gandhi, 22 October 1931, Archive of the Sabarmati-Ashram. We owe gratitude to Dr. Brigitte Rath (University Vienna) for providing us with this quote from the letter.

TAFEL 39:
Photo: Helena M. Swanwick. London School of Economics: https://www.flickr.com/photos/lselibrary/35465002480 (last access: 30.09.2019).
Text: Helena Swanwick: I Have Been Young. London: Gollancz, 1935, p. 231.

TAFEL 40:
Facsimile: Andrea Bowers: A Menace to Liberty (2012). https://www.moma.org/collection/works/165932 (last access: 30.09.2019).

TAFEL 41: Facsimile: James Oppenheim: “Bread and Roses.” The American Magazine, Dec. 1911, Vol. LXXIII, No. 2, p. 214.

TAFEL 42:
Photo: Helen M. Todd (1912). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Helen_M._Todd_(1912).png (last access: 30.09.2019). Facsimile: Helen M. Todd: “Getting Out The Vote.” The American Magazine, Vol. LXXII, No. 5, September 1911, pp. 611-619 (619)
Photo: “Miss Helen Todd, 1/7/20.” Photograph. Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. https://www.loc.gov/item/2016827346/. (last access: 30.09.2019).